According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association , approximately 3-9 percent of the population, or roughly 17 million people in the United States, experience some persistent type of difficulty with their voice, also known as dysphonia. Certain conditions such as colds or upper respiratory infections can cause acute or temporary voice loss. Frequent voice loss or hoarseness that lasts two weeks or longer may indicate a problem that requires medical evaluation and management.
Our voice allows us to express our thoughts, moods, emotions, and intentions. Whether through speech or through song, voice allows us to express ourselves in a unique way. A voice disorder can have far reaching vocational, psychosocial, financial, and emotional consequences.
Causes of a voice disorder
There are many, and sometimes multiple, potential causes of voice problems. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment include examination of all contributing factors such as infection, inflammation, voice misuse or overuse, the presence of growths (benign or cancerous), neurological conditions, and psychological factors. Common causes of voice changes or disorders include voice misuse, reflux, chronic tobacco use, muscle tension and aging. Most voice problems are correctable. If diagnosed and treated early, long-term and permanent problems can often be avoided.
Who develops voice disorders?
Anyone can develop a voice disorder regardless of age, sex, or ethnicity. Certain types of occupations are susceptible to voice injury or problem such as those that include extensive nature of talking or the type of voice use required; for example teachers, coaches, vocalists, clergy, public speakers, politicians, telemarketers, and salespersons.
When to seek help
You should see a doctor if you have hoarseness that lasts for more than two weeks. If your hoarseness or voice change is accompanied by difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing, you should see a doctor immediately. Early identification and medical attention often results in a more timely diagnosis with less severe symptoms and a shorter recovery period.
